RESUMO A pesquisa tem como objetivo apontar as diferenças e similitudes entre Corporate Venture Capital (CorpVC) e Aceleradores Corporativos (AC), mecanismos estes de colaboração entre empresas maduras e Startups. A pesquisa apontou que o fenômeno de Aceleradores Corporativos e de Corporate Venture Capital são práticas de inovação aberta, que podem ser semi-institucionalizadas em empresas que possuam a intenção de buscar inovação em ambientes externos. O fato de CorpVC e AC serem baseados em objetivos estratégicos, e não só financeiros, os diferenciam das outras modalidades de investimentos feitas diretamente em empresas, no entanto, percebeu-se que ambas as estratégias têm diferenças cruciais, que, se vistas anteriormente pela empresa madura, podem ser mais bem aplicadas, garantindo o índice de sucesso maior, baseado no propósito e objetivo da Corporação financiante.

ABSTRACT The research aims to point out the differences and similarities between Corporate Venture Capital (CorpVC) and Corporate Accelerators (AC), as mechanisms of collaboration between mature companies and Startups. The research highlighted that the phenomenon of Corporate Accelerators and Corporate Venture Capital are open innovation practices, which can be semi-institutionalized in companies that intend to seek innovation in external environments. The fact that CorpVC and AC are based on strategic objectives, and not only financial ones, differentiate them from other types of investments made directly in companies, however, it was noticed that both strategies have crucial differences, which as previously seen by the mature company, that can be better applied, ensuring the highest success rate based on the purpose and objective of the financing Corporation.

Abstract Filling materials should be restricted to the root canal space. However, sometimes it is impossible to control the apical extrusion, in this case, the fate of the filling material and the result of the treatment will depend on its physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Objective To evaluate the tissue response and bone repair capacity of endodontic sealers that were implanted in the calvaria of Wistar rats, forming the groups (n=16): AH Plus and Sealer Plus, compared to the clot group. Methodology On days 30 and 60, the animals were euthanized, the calvaria was removed and processed for hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry for collagen type I, Picrosirus red and microtomographic analysis. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tuckey tests (p<0.05). Results At 30 days, all groups showed an intense inflammatory reaction (p>0.05). At 60 days, the AH Plus and Sealer Plus maintained an intense inflammatory infiltrate compared to the clot group (p<0.05). We observed immunopositive areas for type I collagen in all groups at 30 days and 60 days (p>0.05). We observed more red collagen fibers for the Sealer Plus compared to the clot group at 30 days (p<0.05). Considering the total fibers, the clot group at 30 days compared to 60 days after surgery showed an increase in the amount of matrix (p<0.05). There were no statistical differences between groups for green and yellow fibers (p>0.05). Regarding morphometric parameters, at 30 days, the newly formed bone volume and number of bone trabeculae were higher in the groups with sealers compared to the clot group (p<0.05). At 60 days, AH Plus and Sealer Plus showed greater bone neoformation compared to the clot group (p<0.05). Conclusions Despite AH Plus and Sealer Plus induced an intense inflammatory reaction, they can be considered biocompatible materials, since they allowed bone repair.

Abstract This research aims to investigate sediment cores from a glaciomarine environment based on their petrophysical parameters to elucidate lithological and sedimentary issues, as well as to identify a geophysical signature based on their parameter’s response. To achieve this objective, six marine sediment cores were collected in the Central Bransfield Basin - Antarctica, the lengths ranging from 1.5 to 5.2 meters in water depths ranging from 304 to 1463 meters. The cores were submitted to different analyses and values from density, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, p-wave velocity, total gamma radiation, silt, clay and sand contents, and mean grain size for each core location were considered. Four large lithologies were identified according to their geological and geophysical characteristics. The first group is subglacial deformation till (GC16); the second is massive diamicton (GC13 and GC12), the third group is composed of diamictons from the basin (AM10) and lower slope (GC09); the fourth lithological group is composed of siliceous mud from an upper slope location (GC06A). The characteristics recorded across Central Bransfield Basin (from South Shetlands Islands to Antarctic Peninsula) highlighted the relationship between the lithological content and associated depositional processes with the geophysical proprieties as density and magnetic susceptibility.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the dietary supplementation of ginger Zingiber officinale essential oil for the Neotropical catfish Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, its effects on fish hematology, immunology, the response of these variables to induction of stress (exposition to air for 3 min), and a bacterial challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, and the effects on liver histomorphometry. Three levels of the ginger essential oil were evaluated (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) in addition to a control group (0%) in a feeding trial for 65 days in triplicate. Fish hematology and immunology were assessed at five different moments: after the feeding trial (0), after the stress induction (stress), and three points after the bacterial challenge (3, 6 and 24 h post-challenge). Fish fed the ginger essential oil supplemented diets did not exhibit significant differences between the hematocrit at the 0-sample point and the 24 h post-challenge point (P ≥ 0.05), while fish fed the control diet presented significantly lower values for the hematocrit when comparing those same two moments (P < 0.05). The thrombocytes count for fish fed the 0.5% essential oil supplemented diet was significantly higher than all other groups after the feeding trial (P < 0.05), and their total leukocytes count after the stress induction was also significantly higher than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Although the results mentioned above indicate that the ginger essential oil had positive health effects on the fish, no significant differences in survival after the challenge with A. hydrophila were observed (P ≥ 0.05). Lastly, histomorphometry suggests that the essential oil did not negatively impact fish hepatocytes.

ABSTRACT Mechanical components and structures wear out as a result of friction between surfaces in relative motion. Residual stresses play an important role for the tribological performance of components since compressive residual stresses yield positive effects on wear resistance. However, the real effect of residual stresses on the tribological performance of surfaces is not entirely clear. The objective of this work is to evaluate the residual stress behavior during a pin-on-disk wear test of quenched and tempered AISI 4340 disk specimens against a counter-body of steel AISI E 52100. Tests were performed in shot peened and non-shot peened specimens in six steps and residual stresses were evaluated after each one by X-ray diffraction technique using sin2y method. The results shown that wear rate of the shot peened specimens was approximately fifty percent lower. Shot peening induced compressive residual stresses contributed to this effect even though they were modified during the pin-on-disk test.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a aceitação de e-books por meio do efeito das variáveis Expectativa de Performance, Expectativa de Esforço, Influência Social, Condições Facilitadoras, Hábito, Custo-Benefício e Motivação Hedônica, moderadas por Idade, Gênero e Experiência sobre a intenção de uso e o comportamento de uso dessa tecnologia. Para verificar os efeitos dessas relações entre variáveis, aplicou-se o modelo Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (VENKATESH; THONG; XU, 2012). De um universo de 118.456 brasileiros selecionados através de uma base de dados de cidadãos envolvidos com a área de educação, 1.013 responderam a um questionário online. Os dados foram analisados via modelagem de equações estruturais, mínimos quadrados generalizados, e os erros-padrão foram obtidos via reamostragem (Jackknife). Foi concluído no estudo que o Hábito, a Expectativa de Esforço e as Condições Facilitadoras são importantes para a adoção de e-books e que a idade, o gênero e a experiência são moderadores cruciais dessas relações.

ABSTRACT This study aims to verify the acceptance of e-books by identifying the effects of the variables Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Habit, Price Value, and Hedonic Motivation, moderated by Age, Gender and Experience on the intention of use and actual use of this technology. To verify the effects of the relations between these variables, we applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 model (VENKATESH; THONG; XU, 2012). Out of a universe of 118,456 Brazilian citizens directly involved with education, 1,013 completed an online survey. We analyzed the data via structural equations modeling; we obtained generalized least squares and standard errors via resampling (Jackknife). The study concludes that Habit, Effort Expectancy and Facilitating Conditions are important for the adoption of e-books, and that Age, Gender and Experience are crucial moderators of these relations.

Resumo O conhecimento das tensões residuais geradas nos processos de soldagem apresenta especial importância no desempenho das estruturas e componentes soldados, pois durante a vida em serviço eles estarão sujeitos a diferentes níveis de carregamentos, que associados aos campos de tensões residuais pré-existentes podem levar à ruptura inesperada. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o nível das tensões residuais geradas em juntas soldadas, pelo processo arame tubular (FCAW - Flux Cored Arc Welding), de aço ASTM A 131 Grau A, usadas na construção naval, por difração de raios-X, usando a técnica do sen2ψ. Foi realizado um estudo comparativo das mudanças nos campos de tensões quando adotadas restrições para manter a geometria de projeto da junta, bem como uma análise numérica computacional pelo método de elementos finitos, com os resultados obtidos pelo método experimental. A maioria dos resultados das tensões residuais mostrou que houve similaridade qualitativa, na sua natureza, entre o modelo e os experimentos nas regiões da zona termicamente afetada e do metal de solda. As análises de microdureza Vickers e a caracterização microestrutural por microscopia óptica das juntas soldadas complementaram o presente estudo.

Abstract The knowledge of the residual stresses generated on the welding processes implies special relevancy in welded structures and components, because during his service life they will be working at several loading conditions that associated to the pre-existing residual stresses fields they can lead to a catastrophic failure. In this context, the present work has the purpose to study the residual stresses field generated in joints welded by the FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding) process, of ASTM A 131 grade A steel, used in ship construction, by X-ray diffraction, using the sin2ψ technique. It was realized a comparative study of the changes in the stress fields when adopted restrictions in order to maintain the design of the joint, as such a numerical computational analysis by the finite element method, with the results of the experimental analysis. The majority of residual stresses results had demonstrated qualitative similarity in their nature between the model and the experimental work in the heat affected region and welded zone. The Vickers microhardness analysis and microstructural characterization by optical microscopy had complemented the present work.

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer um padrão de crescimento tumoral (volume) em ratos Wistar submetidos ao modelo C6 de glioblastoma multiforme por meio de imagens de ressonância magnética para posterior verificação de redução de volume tumoral com a terapia de magnetohipertermia. MÉTODOS: Para o modelo C6, utilizamos ratos Wistar, machos, jovens, pesando entre 250 e 300 g. Após anestesiados (cetamina 55 mg/kg e xilazina 11 mg/kg) foram injetadas estereotaxicamente células tumorigênicas linhagem C6 suspensas em meio de cultura (10(5) células em 10 µL) no córtex frontal direito (coordenadas a partir do bregma: anteroposterior = 2,0 mm; látero-lateral = 3,0 mm; profundidade = 2,5 mm) com uma seringa Hamilton. No Grupo Controle, houve a injeção do meio de cultura sem as células. Posteriormente, foram feitas imagens mediante a técnica de imagem por ressonância magnética em 14, 21 e 28 dias após a injeção em um escâner de imagem por ressonância magnética 2.0 T (Bruker BioSpec, Germany). Para o exame, os animais foram anestesiados com cetamina 55 mg/kg e xilazina 11 mg/kg. Multifatias coronais foram adquiridas utilizando uma sequência spin-echo padrão com os seguintes parâmetros: TR/TE = 4,000 ms/67,1 ms, FOV = 3,50, Matrix 192, slice thickness = 0,4 mm e slice separation = 0 mm. RESULTADOS: A análise das imagens de ressonância magnética do tumor possibilitou a clara visualização da massa tumoral, sendo possível ainda estabelecer parâmetros de volume tumoral nos diferentes dias analisados. O volume de 14 dias após a indução do foi de 13,7 ± 2,5 mm³. Aos 21 dias, o volume alcançado foi de 31,7 ± 6,5 mm³ e, aos 28 dias, a massa tumoral atingiu 122,1 ± 11,8 mm³. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados mostraram a possiblidade de avaliação do volume tumoral no modelo C6 em ratos, o que possibilitará, no futuro, a aplicação da terapia de magnetohipertermia bem como verificação de seus resultados.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to establish a pattern of tumor growth of the C6 model of glioblastoma multiform in Wistar rats via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the subsequent verification of tumor volume reduction due to magnetic hyperthermia therapy. METHODS: Young male Wistar rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were used for the C6 model. After the rates were anesthetized (55 mg/kg ketamine and 11 mg/kg xylazine), C6 lineage tumorigenic cells suspended in culture medium (10(5) cells in 10 µl) were stereotaxically injected into the right frontal cortex (bregma coordinates: 2.0 mm anteroposterior, 3.0 mm laterolateral, and 2.5 mm depth) of the rats using a Hamilton syringe. For the control group, the rats were injected with culture medium without cells. MRI scans were performed at 14, 21, and 28 d after the injection using a 2.0 T MRI scanner (Bruker BioSpec, Germany). The animals were anesthetized with 55 mg/kg ketamine and 11 mg/kg xylazine before being examined. Coronal multilayers were acquired using a standard spin echo sequence with the following parameters: repetition/echo time = 4.000 ms/67.1 ms, field of view = 3.50, matrix = 192, slice thickness = 0.4 mm, and slice separation = 0 mm. RESULTS: The MRI analysis enabled a clear visualization of the tumor mass, and it was possible to establish the tumor volume parameters on the various days that were examined. The volume at 14 d after induction was 13.7 ± 2.5 mm³. On days 21 and 28, the tumor volumes were 31.7 ± 6.5 mm³ and 122.1 ± 11.8 mm³, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate the C6 model tumor volume in rats, which will allow for the future implementation and verification of magnetic hyperthermia therapy.

Num procedimento de discriminação condicional (DC) de característica positiva, um mesmo estímulo alvo A não é seguido de reforço quando apresentado sozinho, mas é seguido de reforço quando precedido de um estímulo X. Na DC de característica negativa, um mesmo estímulo alvo B é seguido de reforço quando apresentado sozinho, mas nunca quando precedido do estímulo Y. Nesta pesquisa, procurou-se examinar se uma informação amodal relativa a atributos básicos de estímulos, como a duração, tem capacidade de adquirir propriedades condicionais em animais. Ratos foram submetidos a procedimentos de DC positiva e negativa com estímulos X e Y de mesma modalidade física, uma luz, mas com durações diferentes: X= 15-seg e Y= 5-seg; as durações dos estímulos alvo foram A= 5-seg e B= 15-seg. Os resultados mostraram que os animais discriminaram as propriedades condicionais excitatórias (X) e inibitórias (Y) relativas, respectivamente, a duas durações diferentes de um mesmo estímulo, sustentando a hipótese de que a duração, um componente amodal de estímulo, pode ser associada a propriedades condicionais, em ratos.

In a feature positive conditional discrimination procedure, a stimulus A is not followed by reinforcement when presented alone, but it is always followed by reinforcement when it is preceded by stimulus X. In the negative conditional discrimination procedure, a stimulus B is always followed by reinforcement when presented alone, but it is not followed by reinforcement when preceded by stimulus Y. This research examined if amodal information dealing with basic attributes, as duration, has the capability to acquire conditional properties in animals. Rats were submitted to positive or negative conditional discrimination procedures with stimulus X and Y, which were of the same physical modality, a light, but with different durations: X= 15 seg e Y= 5 seg (and A=5 seg, B=15 seg). The results showed that the animals discriminated excitatory and inhibitory properties related, respectively, to two different durations of the same stimulus, supporting the hypothesis that the duration, as an amodal stimulus component, can be associated to conditional properties, in rats.

In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments, besides the apparatus designed to acquire the NMR signal, it is necessary to generate a radio frequency electromagnetic field using a device capable to transduce electromagnetic power into a transverse magnetic field. We must generate this transverse homogeneous magnetic field inside the region of interest with minimum power consumption. Many configurations have been proposed for this task, from coils to resonators. For low field intensity ( < 0.5 T) and small sample dimensions ( < 30 cm), the saddle coil configuration has been widely used. In this work we present a simplified method for calculating the magnetic field distribution in these coils considering the current density profile. We propose an optimized saddle configuration as a function of the dimensions of the region of interest, taking into account the uniformity and the sensitivity. In order to evaluate the magnetic field uniformity three quantities have been analyzed: Non-uniformity, peak-to-peak homogeneity and relative uniformity. Some experimental results are presented to validate our calculation.